split 7.3 ready for merge
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laurent
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# OpenAirInterface for SystemX
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#Terminology
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****This document use the 5G terminology****
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**Central Unit (CU): **It is a logical node that includes the gNB
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functions like Transfer of user data, Mobility control, Radio access
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network sharing, Positioning, Session Management etc., except those
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functions allocated exclusively to the DU. CU controls the operation of
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DUs over front-haul (Fs) interface. A central unit (CU) may also be
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known as BBU/REC/RCC/C-RAN/V-RAN/VNF
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**Distributed Unit (DU):** This logical node includes a subset of the
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gNB functions, depending on the functional split option. Its operation
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is controlled by the CU. Distributed Unit (DU) also known with other
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names like RRH/RRU/RE/RU/PNF.
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In OpenAir code, the terminology is often RU and BBU.
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# OpenAirUsage
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##EPC and general environment
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### OAI EPC
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Use the stable OAI EPC, that can run in one machine (VM or standalone)
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Draft description:
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<https://open-cells.com/index.php/2017/08/22/all-in-one-openairinterface-august-22nd/>
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##Standalone 4G
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EPC+eNB on one machine, the UE can be commercial or OAI UE.
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### USRP B210
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Main current issue: traffic is good only on coaxial link between UE and
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eNB (probably power management issue).
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### Simulated RF
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Running eNB+UE both OAI can be done over a virtual RF link.
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The UE current status is that threads synchronization is implicit in
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some cases. As the RF simulator is very quick, a “sleep()” is required
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in the UE main loop
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(line 1744, targets/RT/USER/lte-ue.c).
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Running also the UE in the same machine is possible with simulated RF.
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Running in same machine is simpler, offers about infinite speed for
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virtual RF samples transmission.
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A specific configuration is required because the EPC Sgi interface has
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the same IP tunnel end point as the UE.
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So, we have to create a network namespace for the UE and to route data
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in/out of the namespace.
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``` bash
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ip netns delete aNameSpace 2> /dev/null
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ip link delete v-eth1 2> /dev/null
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ip netns add aNameSpace
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ip link add v-eth1 type veth peer name v-peer1
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ip link set v-peer1 netns aNameSpace
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ip addr add 10.200.1.1/24 dev v-eth1
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ip link set v-eth1 up
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iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.200.1.0/255.255.255.0 -o enp0s31f6
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-j MASQUERADE
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iptables -A FORWARD -i enp0s31f6 -o v-eth1 -j ACCEPT
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iptables -A FORWARD -o enp0s31f6 -i v-eth1 -j ACCEPT
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ip netns exec aNameSpace ip link set dev lo up
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ip netns exec aNameSpace ip addr add 10.200.1.2/24 dev v-peer1
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ip netns exec aNameSpace ip link set v-peer1 up
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ip netns exec aNameSpace bash
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```
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After the last command, the Linux shell is in the new namespace, ready
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to run the UE.
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To make user plan traffic, the traffic generator has to run in the same
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namespace
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`ip netns exec aNameSpace bash
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`
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The traffic genenrator has to specify the interface:
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`route add default oaitun_ue1
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`
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or specify the outgoing route in the traffic generator (like option “-I”
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in ping command).
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## Split 6 DL 4G
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The contract describes to reuse the uplink existing if4p5 and to develop
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is this work the downlink “functional split 6”.
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The customer required after signature to develop also the uplink
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functional split 6. This is accepted, as long as the whole work is
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research with no delivery completeness warranty.
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### Simulation
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To be able to verify the new features and to help in all future
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developments, Open Cells added and improved the Rf board simulator
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during this contract.
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We added the channel modeling simulation, that offer to simulate various
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3GPP defined channels.
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### Main loop
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The main log is in RF simulator is in
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targets/RT/USER/lte-ru.c and targets/RT/USER/lte-enb.c
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As this piece of SW is very complex and doesn’t meet our goals
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(functional split 6), a cleaned version replaces these 2 files in
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executables/ocp-main.c (openair1/SCHED/prach\_procedures.c is also
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replaced by this new file as it only launching the RACH actual work in a
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way not compatible with our FS6).
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The main loop cadences the I/Q samples reception, signal processing and
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I/Q samples sending.
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The main loop uses extensively function pointers to call the right
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processing function depending on the split case.
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A lot of OAI reduntant global variables contains the same semantic data: time,frame, subframe.
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The reworked main loop take care of a uniq variable that comes directly from harware: RF board sampling number.
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To use OAI, we need to set all OAI variables that derivates from this timestamp value. The function setAllfromTS() implements this.
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### Splitted main level
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When FS6 is actived, a main loop for DU (du_fs6()) a main loop for CU case replaces the uniq eNB main loop.
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Each of these main loops calls initialization of OAI LTE data and the FS6 transport layer initialization.
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Then, it runs a infinite loop on: set time, call UL and DL. The time comes from the RF board, so the DU sends the time to the CU.
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This is enough for RF board dialog, but the FS6 is higher in SW layers,
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we need to cut higher functions inside downlink and uplink procedures.
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As much as possible, the FS6 code is in the directory OPENAIR_DIR/executables. When a given OAI piece of code is small or need complex changes, it is reworked in the file fs6-main.c. The functions naming keeps the OAI function name, adding suffix _fromsplit() or _tosplit().
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When this organization would lead to large code copy, it is better to insert modifications in OAI code. This is done in two files:
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- openair1/SCHED/phy_procedures_lte_eNb.c: to send signaling channels computation results
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- the function sendFs6Ulharq() centralizes all signaling channels forwarding to CU
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- openair1/PHY/LTE_TRANSPORT/ulsch_decoding.c: to deal with FS6 user plane split
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- sendFs6Ul() is used once to forward user plane to CU
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### DownLink
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The main procedure is phy\_procedures\_eNB\_TX()
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This is building the common channels (beacon, multi-UE signaling).
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The FS6 split breaks this function into pieces:
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* The multi-UE signals, built by common\_signal\_procedures(),
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subframe2harq\_pid(), generate\_dci\_top(), subframe2harq\_pid()
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* These functions run in the DU, nevertheless all context has to be sent
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(it is also needed partially for UL spitting)
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* Run in the DU also to meet the requirement of pushing
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in DU the data encoded with large redundancy (>3 redundancy)
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* the per UE data: pdsch\_procedures() needs further splitting:
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* dlsch\_encoding\_all() that makes the encoding: turbo code
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and lte\_rate\_matching\_turbo() that will be in the DU (some
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unlikely cases can reach redundancy up to x3, when MCS is very
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low (negative SINR cases)).
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* dlsch\_encoding() output needs to be transmitted between the
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DU and the CU for functional split 6.
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* dlsch\_scrambling() that will go in the DU
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* dlsch\_modulation() that will go in the DU
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The du user plane data is made of expanded bit in OAI at FS6 split level. 1 pair of functions compact back these bits into 8bits/byte before sending data and expand it again in the DU data reception (functions: fs6Dl(un)pack()).
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### Uplink
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The uplink require configuration that is part of the DL transmission.
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It interprets the signalling to extract the RACH and the per UE data
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channels.
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Ocp-main.c:rxtx() calls directly the entry procedure
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phy\_procedures\_eNB\_uespec\_RX() calls:
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* rx\_ulsch() that demodulate and extract soft bits per UE.
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* This function runs in the DU
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* the output data will be processes in the DU, so it needs to be
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transmitted to the DU
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* ulsch\_decoding() that do lte\_rate\_matching\_turbo\_rx()
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sub\_block\_deinterleaving\_turbo()
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then turbo decode that is in the CU
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* fill\_ulsch\_cqi\_indication() fill\_crc\_indication() , fill\_rx\_indication()
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* DU performs the signal processing of each channel data, prepare and sent to the CU the computed result
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* Random access channel detection runs in the DU
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* the DU reports to the CU only the detected temprary identifier for RACH response
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### signaling data in each direction (UL and DL)
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* each LTE channel needs to be propagated between CU and DU
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* the simplest are the almost static data such as PSS/SSS, that need only static eNB parameters and primary information (frame numbering)
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* all the other channels require data transmission CU to DU and DU to CU
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* the general design push all the low level processing for these channels in the DU
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* the CU interface transports only signal processing results (UL) or configuration to create the RF signal (DL case)
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* HARQ is detected in the DU, then only the ACK or NACK is reported to CU
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* the CU have to control the power and MCS (modulation and coding scheme)
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* the DU performs the signal processing and report only the decoded data like the CQI
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* as the DU performas the modulation, scrambling and puncturing, each data packet is associated with the LTE parameters required for these features
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* in DL, the CU associates the control parameters and the user plane data
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* in UL, the CU sends upfront the scheduled UL data to the DU. So, the DU have the required knowledge to decode the next subframes in time.
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### UDP transport layer
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A general UDP transport layer is in executables/transport\_split.c
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Linux offers a UDP socket builtin timeout, that we use.
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In and out buffers are memory zones that contains compacted
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(concatenated) UDP chunks.
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For output, sendSubFrame() sends each UDP chunk
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For input, receiveSubFrame() collects all UDP chunks for a group (a
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subframe in OAI LTE case). It returns in the following cases:
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- all chunks are received
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- a timeout expired
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- a chunk from the next subframe already arrived
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### Functional split 6 usage
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The ocp cleaned main hale to be used: run ocp-softmodem instead of
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lte-softmodem.
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The functionality and parameters is the same, enhanced with FS6 mode.
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The end line option “--split73” enables the fs6 (also called split 7.3) mode and decided to be cu or du.
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Example:
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./ocp-softmodem -O $OPENAIR_DIR/enb.fs6.example.conf --rfsim --log_config.phy_log_level debug --split73 cu:127.0.0.1
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`
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Run the CU init of the split 6 eNB, that will call du on 127.0.0.1 address
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./ocp-softmodem -O $OPENAIR_DIR/enb.fs6.example.conf --rfsim --log_config.phy_log_level debug --split73 du:127.0.0.1
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will run the du, calling the cu on 127.0.0.1
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`
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If the CU and the DU are not on the same machine, the remote address of each side need to be specified as per this example
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./ocp-softmodem -O $OPENAIR_DIR/enb.fs6.example.conf --rfsim --log_config.phy_log_level debug --split73 du:192.168.1.55
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`
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runs the functional split 6 DU
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`./lte-uesoftmodem -C 2685000000 -r 50 --rfsim --rfsimulator.serveraddr 192.168.1.1 -d
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`
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Runs the UE (to have the UE signal scope, compile it with make uescope)
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CU+DU+UE can run with option --noS1 to avoid to use a EPC and/or with --rfsim to simulate RF board
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##5G and F1
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Today 5G achievement is limited to physical layer.
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The available modulation is 40MHz, that require one X310 or N300 for the
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gNB and a X310 or N300 for the nrUE.
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### Usage with X310
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Linux configuration:
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<https://files.ettus.com/manual/page_usrp_x3x0_config.html>
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We included most of this configuration included in OAI source code.
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Remain to set the NIC (network interface card) MTU to 9000 (jumbo
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frames).
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### Running 5G
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Usage with RFsimulator:
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gNB
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`sudo RFSIMULATOR=server ./nr-softmodem -O
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../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/gnb.band78.tm1.106PRB.usrpn300.conf
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--parallel-config PARALLEL\_SINGLE\_THREAD`
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nrUE
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`sudo RFSIMULATOR=127.0.0.1 ./nr-uesoftmodem --numerology 1 -r 106 -C
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3510000000 -d`
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